Kolesnikov G. I. THE SOCIAL MECHANISM OF
MANIPULATION WITH CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERSON IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE THEORY AND
PRACTICE/ http//www. Kolesnikova.me Дата публикации 29.08.2012
Kolesnikov G. I.
The philologist, the psychologist, the
Doctor of Philosophy,
THE SOCIAL MECHANISM OF MANIPULATION
WITH CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERSON IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE
In article the theoretical substantiation author's конструкту the universal social mechanism of manipulation is
given by consciousness of the person, and also specificity of application of
the given mechanism in Russia at the present stage comes to light.
Keywords: the manipulation mechanism, consciousness of
the person, universal elements
Колесникова Г. И.
филолог, психолог, доктор философских наук,
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ МАНИПУЛЯЦИИ СОЗНАНИЕМ ЛИЧНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ
РОССИИ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
В
статье дается теоретическое обоснование авторскому конструкту универсального
социального механизма манипуляции сознанием личности, а также выявляется
специфика применения данного механизма в
России на современном этапе.
Ключевые
слова: механизм манипуляции, сознание личности, универсалии.
Representatives of the various branches of scientific
knowledge in his work from time to time indicate that the socio-cultural changes that mark the new
millennium, with a dynamic character to act as an initiating factor in the creation of various fractures and displacements
in the structural organization and
functioning of social institutions. Arising from this situation of uncertainty and unpredictability creating favorable conditions
for the manipulation of consciousness at different levels: manipulation of the consciousness of personality,
consciousness groups, mass consciousness. However, at any level of guidance stands, above all, the individual consciousness, since consciousness of the individual is integrated into the public consciousness and, thus, the consciousness of the individual
becomes a "key access" to public
consciousness, to which it can influence
it, directing view of attention and forming a definite opinion. That is, the information conveyed through the media,
based on the theory of two-step flow of information, E. Katz and P. Lazarsfeld,
initially accepted public opinion leaders, and from them transferred
to other members of society. This
is because the consciousness of the
individual includes the individual
and social consciousness. Handling effects directed at the
public consciousness of personality, which rebuilds the
individual consciousness, resulting in a person gets into hard-deterministic social environment, while maintaining confidence
that its activities are entirely independent.
Thus, the selection of a universal
mechanism for the manipulation of consciousness of personality, which is social
and personal nature, there is a possibility of entering the social aspect and a
description of its functioning in a highly deterministic socio-cultural
environment, because the effects of a mechanism for manipulating the
consciousness of personality excludes from its dominant social life in an
ordinary environment accident.
Base in the isolation and analysis of a universal mechanism for the manipulation of consciousness of
personality is the concept of "manipulation."
The integration of different
interpretations of this concept offers
the following definition of a
theoretical construct: the manipulation - is historically conditioned phenomenon, which has a structure consisting
of 1) the goal of initiating a certain type of individual behavior without regard to its
interests, 2) the secret methods to influence the consciousness of the
individual, 3) The actual process of impact
on the consciousness of the individual
performing the corrective, motivating, guiding function in the management of the
individual.
Because
the work is based on the needs that need, which is updated at a given time,
will initiate the beginning of a certain type of activities to its
satisfaction.
Thus, the need is realized at the level of behavior in a
particular activity. However, the behavior, carried out by a person under the
influence of manipulation and, therefore, not consciously, not equated with
activity, as the activity involves the active and deliberate inclusion of the
individual in the process of achieving. Therefore, in order to distinguish an
individual's behavior carried out under the influence of the outside and having
to meet the specific needs instilled introduced the term "behavioral
activity". This is all the more necessary because not all activity is
expressed at the level of behavior, for example, thought, although, of course,
in most cases precedes the appearance and behavior is not all work. Thus, the
behavioral activity is a system of actions taken by a person under the
influence and manipulation aimed at meeting the needs of the activated
Close but not identical
to the theoretical construct of
"manipulation" is a theoretical
construct of "social
mechanism for manipulating the consciousness of personality", which appears in a structure that is part of a social phenomenon - the
manipulation and represents the
unity and interaction of the
three components of universal’s
"core" of the mechanism:
the introduction, integration and translation.
Construct in the context of the situation (a form of government,
history and civilization of the form type) is
filled with new content, which, without affecting
the structural and procedural nature of the mechanism
that creates optimal variant
of the social mechanism the manipulation
of consciousness the individual with
regard to specific circumstances. That is, the universal mechanism
and structural and
procedural items to
remain unchanged not
depend on the content, which varies from
the context of its application.
Universal integration as part of the social mechanism involves the manipulation of consciousness
the individual ideas and concepts
introduced in the consciousness of the individual manipulators (with
a view to issuing false and partially false submissions
are really true.) Its procedural manifested in the development, understanding, experience and ideas
of representations made to the consciousness of the
individual manipulators.
Universal broadcast as part of the
social mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness of personality is the
expected type of behavior and, accordingly, it’s processual shown to
demonstrate the expected behavior of individual manipulators, which is both the
goal and result.
Accordingly, before the impact it is necessary
to plan, therefore, must be preceded by
the manipulative effects of stage of elaboration, which
are clarified: 1, program objectives,
2, personal orientation (priorities
in the needs, values and attitudes), and 3, a
set of tools (methods) for assistance
which will be the
impact of manipulation, creating in
the minds of individual motivation
to initiate the necessary behavior of the
individual manipulators. The
preparatory phase is not an ingredient
of the social mechanism of the
manipulation of consciousness of personality, but is a separate entity anticipating the application of this mechanism.
On the basis of the classification
system of historical types of
ideologies and ideological situations
VS Malitsky (Malickiy
VS 2005) developed a typology of the social mechanism authorial manipulation of consciousness
of the individual forms (the forms of government), type (for historical periods),
type (type of civilization).
At the same used in the classification of the concept of "form", "type", "type"
is taken in relation
to each other on the principle of "less - a lot."
As the scientific name of any phenomenon is a combination of two names, where the first is a generic name, the second - the species,
then, accordingly, the definition of the names and specifics of the social mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness corresponding
to features of the current
situation in two stages The first
stage involves the imposition of the historic residence type
of civilization, where the first
title will go to
the name of civilization type, which acts as a generic, the
second - the name of the actual historical form of
social mechanism for the
manipulation of consciousness the individual acting as a species. For
example, the eastern prehistoric
type of social mechanism of manipulating the minds of the individual.
Both within each species in the natural sciences is possible to
distinguish sub-species, as well,
according to the law of analogy, and in civilizational
types of social mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness is possible
to distinguish the individual sub-species,
subspecies which will
be allocated as a result of applying
the historical form of social consciousness of the individual mechanisms to shape the social
mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness the individual. For example, the
industrial form of the Western type
in combination with a totalitarian form of social
mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness of personality will give industrial totalitarian subspecies of the Western type of social mechanism for the manipulation of consciousness of the
individual.
In
modern Russia, authoritarian tendencies continue in the background are some
steps to democracy seem to be very fragile and uncertain, because despite the
fact that at the official level, the democratic constitutional norms exist, for
example, continues to operate the mechanism of alternative elections on a
multiparty basis, but almost in a society dominated by the executive power,
weak civil society, clientelistic forms of social relations, monopoly, the
shadow economy, and the parliamentary elections of 2003 and the presidential
election of 2000 and 2004 clearly indicate a weakening of political
competition. However, the major political actors are the segments of the old
and "new" elite nature of the interaction which largely determines
the evolution of the regime. Moreover, by analyzing the results of elections to
the State Duma of IV convocation impossible not to notice the consolidation of
centrist forces, consisting of an eclectic synthesis of the ideas of moderate
liberalism, moderate nationalism, moderate power nationalism around the then
President. This trend over time has not diminished, and expanded its borders.
Thus, the ideology of democracy as a
kind of bargaining chip to extend its influence in international relations at
the national, which is used in the competition between the nomenclatures-oligarchic
groups. Nevertheless, the coming to power of V. Putin may be defined as a
turning point in the history of the state, because it marked the end of the
transitional phase of the revolutionary with its global economic and
socio-political transformations. First of all, this is due to the fact that VV
Putin became the first President, the legality of the election is not
contested. However, his election was primarily due to fatigue of the people
from the crises of intrigue and instability. Thus, Putin has appeared on the
political scene in time and in the most appropriate time for the role - the
role of savior, because the situation was quite ripe in order to stop and
specify the "promised land" that was done immediately. However,
despite the criticism of anti-Putin opposition, both from the left flank, and
from liberals in Russia was not a complete rejection of democratic norms and
institutions, as the impact of the methods used include techniques that are
used and politicians of democratic countries and those belonging to
totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, and this arsenal are not used
stereotyped, as in previous periods, and flexible.
Thus, the ideology and methodology of action proposed
by V.V. Putin
and his successor stored D.A. Medvedev is actually a peculiar combination of
patriotic values with the recognition of private property
rights and market economy. That is, the visible features and the technocratic
and strategic thinking and design. In the same plane as the political rules of
the game is determined solely by the state, in particular through skillfully
formed public opinion in such a way as to suppress potentially dangerous to the
power problem and the pockets of discontent. Accordingly, the existing regime
in a country of this period can be defined as a moderately authoritarian, and the
social mechanism for the manipulation of consciousness the personality of this
historical period as industrial-type authoritarian Russian subspecies with the
trend toward industrial-authoritarian Eastern type. In general, this period can
be characterized as stabilizing as the main force for return of the one-man,
one-party system, the imperial position as the global and domestic political
levels significantly strengthened power vertical and substantially reduced the
degree of democratic freedom, proclaimed and sickly existed under Yeltsin.
However, this step is fully consistent with the ideology of the Putin-Medvedev
and one of the main problems they solved: strengthening the central government
as a result of redistribution of power at the grassroots level of the regional
elites with the simultaneous creation of a system of federal control. As a
result, the governors of sovereign and independent figures will automatically
become fully accountable to the federal government the middle link between the
Kremlin and is represented in the regional parliament elite.
However, beginning in the 2005-2007
growing trends related to changes in the subject of politics (the people ceases
to be a given subject) processes begin to dominate the simulation of the real
centers as a result of socio-political life in the country reduced to a
minimum, and on follow-up, as a result of acceptance of the Law on Non-Profit
Organizations, is planned to establish control. Media are virtually open
persecution of those whose participation in the upcoming presidential election
campaign is not desirable. In addition, against the background of the expert
community imposed on topics to be discussed "nation state",
variations on this theme and encourage amateurish arguments about "national
idea" attempts to overcome the contradictions in the socio-economic
development promoted by the "National Projects" [3] and ,
respectively, there is a "sequential folding of democratic institutions:
the virtual elimination of media freedom, the abolition of gubernatorial
elections and elections in single member constituencies, the new laws on
political parties and referendum. People deprived of their right to vote to
strengthen the so-called "vertical power", which provides a new
redistribution of property and rapacious exploitation of natural resources of
the country. Shamelessly hiding behind patriotic rhetoric, the regime is
strengthened to resist only with their own people - in all other areas of the
state weakened and unable to respond to new global challenges. Today, the
dynamics of changes in the political life of Russia is now becoming rampant.
The current regime deprives the country of the positive prospects »(Kasparov
G.K., 2005). That is going to prepare the ground for a consistent
transformation of the political system of a political technology, "the
president of the Crown" in the "totalitarian" monarchy ".
The direct result of the ongoing targeted at the domestic level, policy has
been convincing victory in the presidential election March 14, 2008 receiver
Putin, against which clearly revealed the impotence of the communist and the
liberal opposition.
Thus, in the period from 2000 to the
present day is consistent totalitarian
government at all levels and a natural consequence of this are the features which
have a preparatory stage and in fact the mechanism of manipulation of the
consciousness of personality of the period. The preparatory phase of the social
mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness the individual has the following
specifics. The true purpose of the impact of manipulation is to create a rigid
authoritarian system with elements of totalitarianism. Confirmation of this can
be seen looking at regulations, proposals, laws passed in recent years. For
example, the decision of the Constitutional Court of 18.10.2011 N 23-D of the
impossibility of bringing the judges to criminal liability for making knowingly
illegal sentence or other judicial act if the act came into force and not
repealed in the manner prescribed by procedural legislation and the proposal
made by 22/10/2011 to abolish the system witnesses in Russia Dmitry Medvedev at
a meeting with the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Tver, the
Federal Law of 11.07.2011 N 195-FZ, entitling the investigating authorities the
ability to destroy narcotic drugs found physical evidence in criminal cases
before the sentencing court.
Accordingly,
the pseudo-objective, then that will be implemented in the individual
consciousness with the impact of manipulation - drawn to the idea of reviving the national idea. The model
aims to achieve a pseudo drive home the individual - the inclusion of reviving
patriotic movement (for example, the revival of the Cossacks, which was
considered to support the autocracy). Characteristic features of the social
mechanism of the manipulation of consciousness of personality are defined as
follows. Specificity of the content of universal adoption. The true idea of playing the role of conductor false
floor and false ideas is that patriotic education is important for the
development of self-awareness, developing a sense of patriotism. Half a false
idea - a sense of patriotism is one of the components of love for the
motherland. False idea that makes the essential content that is embedded in the
notion of "patriotism" when pride is replaced with pride and
patriotic activities - support the officially adopted positions. The false idea
- Russia has a special mission, which is expressed as a guarantor of peace at
the global level because of the special spiritual nature of its people in
general, and every single person in particular and to carry out this mission in
the country to restore order. Changes made in reality, are the laws and
regulations adopted in this period. Specificity of the content of universal integration:
patriotic education is important for the development of self-awareness,
developing a sense of patriotism. Patriotism is one of the components of love
for the motherland. Specificity of the content of universal translation. Formed
and directed behavioral activities - inclusion in the various patriotic
movements created to redirect the activity of a political personality in the
educational channel, because "the political sphere imploded. And
democracy, what to eat, and yet democracy, cannot disappear because it was
fighting someone, and it suppressed, but simply because voters no longer go to
the polls » (Fadeev V.., 2007).
Thus, the socio-philosophical
understanding of creation and manipulation of the theoretical construct of a
universal mechanism for the manipulation of consciousness of personality, by
which this manipulation is carried out, becomes of paramount importance because
it allows not only reveal the universal mechanism of manipulation effects, but
also create ways of leveling, and in an ideal anti-this mechanism.
Bibliography:
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